Database Visual Querying

Based on Claudio Cerullo and Marco Porta visual approaches is a system use to have correct query formulations in computer operations. Cerullo and Porta noted that the inherently linear structure of SQL (Structured Query Language) sometimes hinder correct query formulation so visual approaches were developed â€Å"to take advantage of the greater bandwidth of the human vision channel† (Cerullo & Porta 2007, p. 1).While visual approaches are prominent both in the airline industry and the military, however, Cerullo and Porta introduces visual approaches as a better way of graphically building queries by composing Graph SQL elements. Cerullo and Porta stated, â€Å"The spatial arrangement of graphic objects can in fact highlight the structure of queries, providing a global outlook which can rarely be obtained with a textual description† (p. 1). Speaking of the visual approach in the computer use, Reese (1999) stated, â€Å"The visual approach can give you a sense of actual ly using the program (p. 41).The visual approaches therefore which was affirmed by Cerullo and Porta as useful for both inexperienced and experts users for understanding the basics of relational database interaction, and for defining complex interrelations among sub queries in visual manner, is very important as it also provides answer to the problem posed by the strict syntax use to construct request which lead to a non ambiguous semantic. Jaco and Stephanidis pointed out that their disadvantages â€Å"is the training needed for their use making them in adequate for end users who are not database or GIs experts† (p. 964).The asserted that Visual approaches â€Å"offer an easy and intuitive mean for spatial configuration expression† (p. 964) Reference Cerullo, C. Porta, M. (2007) A System for Database Visual Querying and Query Visualization: Complementing Text and Graphics to Increase Expressiveness IEEE Computer Society Jacko, J. A. & Stephanidis, C. (2003) Human-Comp uter Interaction New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. Reese, J. (999) Internet Books for Educators, Parents, and Students USA: Libraries Unlimited

Disruptive Behavior Essay

In a 4th grade private school classroom and child showed disruptive behavior when approached with authority of an adult telling him to stop doing something that was in appropriate like calling other student’s stupid and fat. When a teacher would tell him please stop he would continue to say rude things but now geared toward the teacher. It would take several minutes to get him to calm down. The disciplinary effect after his disruptive behavior would be indoor suspension and a phone call home. Student’s history at school had been temperamental for the past 2 years and he had been taken out sent to a public school then returned after a 2 grading periods when in 2nd grade. In 3rd grade he had showed the same type of behavior with classmates and teachers. This student was behind a grade and attended class with a relative that was in there respective grade. His disruptive behavior in 3rd grade was slightly manageable after several conferences with the parent. As the student had entered into 4th grade he had received a new teacher but remained with the same students from the previous year and now his relative  was no longer attending the same school. The students entering 4th grade would be attending another school which had put them into a new atmosphere with new teachers. This change did not sit well with this student in particularly who had become disruptive verbally and aggressively with other students and class property. The student at this point was suspended from the school for 3 days. Upon returning the student seemed content until the current teacher had to leave and he received a new teacher. At this point the student was filling out the new teacher and what she would allow and wouldn’t. The student shortly found out what the teacher wouldn’t allow and that was speaking and getting up without raising hand. The teacher was new to the class, but not to the student’s, was known for having a productive class with no disruptive behaviors. The teacher had reintroduced herself to the class on her first day and had given the children the floor about what they had been learning so far. The student’s responded well to her curiosity accept for the student who was known for the misconduct. After the teacher’s first week she decided to reset some rules for the class and allow them to give input on what is allowed and what isn’t. The student with the disruptive behavior did participate in this exercise. She also rearrange the classroom fixed some posters around the room and hung some of the students best work around the room. The teacher put a class pledge on the board that the student would have to recite every morning before class started. As piece of the pledge said, â€Å"I will treat others with the respect that I want for myself and to use kind words to show how Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢m feeling whether I am happy or mad.† The teacher after the second week had seen a major changed in the class and especially in the student with the misbehavior. By the 5th week all the disruption had been gone.

Analysis of the steel production company POSCO

Analysis of the steel production company POSCO 1. Introduction The project that started with a few people at the city of Pohang at the East coast of Korea has today grown to the company that most of us knows as POSCO. Today POSCO is not only among the top steelmakers in the world in terms production, but also in terms of technology has the company captured one of the leading positions. More specifically the company is today the third biggest steelmaker in terms of production, and has earlier figured as number before different mergers and acquisitions changed this status. POSCO has succeeded by constantly investing in new production facilities and new technologies. This is underlined by their slogan: â€Å"Resources are limited; Creativity is unlimited†. POSCO was founded in cooperation with the Korean government, which wished to create a local supply of steel. Thus, POSCO has always been highly dependant on the Korean market and the Korean government. Even today this dependence is preserved, emphasized by POSCO having 72% of their sales in Korea (Business and Company Resource Center, 2010). However POSCO is also starting to position themselves at the global market, where the patterns of competition is completely different than the ones at their home market. This paper will examine the position of POSCO at the Korean market as well as the global market, and what kind of possibilities and challenges they are facing in order to prosper. The role of technology development plays a crucial role in this matter. Despite being an old and established industry, steel production is highly dependant on the development of technology, especially in terms of new processes of production. The paper should therefore also take into consideration how POSCO will succeed in further improving their technological competencies in order to stay competitive. The structure of the paper will be as follows: After the introduction some theoretical considerations in relation to the paper will be provided. Second, a presentation of POSCO, including its historical development as well as a short presentation of steelmaking will be provided. Third, the competitive market of the steel industry that POSCO are acting in will be analysed through the model, Porter’s five forces. After this, the technological development within POSCO will be described and analysed. At last, the future challenges in terms of technology strategy and the possibilities improving their position in the market will be analysed. These will be complemented by some specific recommendations on how to prosper. 2. Theoretical Considerations This study will consist of a business strategic part as well as a technology strategic part. The aim of the paper is to explain how the technology strategy of POSCO can be utilized in order to carry out the business strategy of the company, ultimately leading to a sustainable competitive advantage. At the business strategy level this paper seeks to combine the market-based view (Porter, 1980) and the reso urce-based view (Barney, 1991; Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). The paper adopts an outward-in perspective, starting out by analysing the current market situation of POSCO. For this purpose a Porter’s five forces model is used. By making this analysis it becomes visible what kind of position POSCO holds in their current competitive environment, and how they can eventually use their internal resources, more specifically technologies, to obtain a more favourable position relative to their nearest competitors. The resource-based view is not applied in the same systematic way, but rather as a mean to understanding the importance of technology development for the overall resources of the company.

Netflicks case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Netflicks - Case Study Example Netflix strategies To remain in the market as the most online subscriber of movies in United States, Netflix had to employ unique strategies since competition was high. One of strategies that the firm had emulate in order to remain an ever-growing subscriber of online movies was provision of large scope selection of DVDs titles to it customers (Emerson 79). This meant that a lot of DVDs were available to the subscribers. Secondly, the firm aimed at acquiring new content by building and maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with entertainment video providers. Thirdly, Netflix provides enjoyable movies to the subscribers and making sure the subscribers are the one to choose from a list of movies. The fourth strategy that they use to remain in the market is giving the subscribers time to watch streaming content or receiving quickly delivered DVDs via the mail. Additionally, the company spends a lot of funds in marketing to attract more customers while still making sure that thei r brands and services are available in all major markets. Ethics and social responsibility of Netflix One of the ethical issues of Netflix is to provide online streaming of videos to individuals that are not pirated (Peter 23). Netflix aim is to revolutionize the way many people rented movies and introduce streaming of movies via online. One of social responsibility that the firm had to provide to the subscribers was to make sure that movies were readily available to them (Vitorovich 36). Through maintenance of strong relationship among the employees and ensuring their safety in the work place, the firm has afforded to outdo their rivals like Blockbusters who were engaging them to stiff competition (Den and Koopman 35). In addition, Netflix focuses at shipping about 2 million DVDs on average to daily subscribers and this goal is almost to be achieved since they had been able to get 61% of company’s subscribers who were watching movies on TV episodes. Marketing and promotions Netflix uses different marketing strategies to attract subscribers including banners, text on popular sites that a lot of people were associated with like yahoo, radio stations, regional and national television. These marketing strategies are able to get 194 millions visitors annually; this was five times the number of blockbuster customers (Janko 56). Discounts to subscribers who were active in online purchase were given, this motivated the subscribers. Netflix Company was able to advertise programs to studios and in return they got cash considerations from the studios (Chavez 70). Free movies were offered during advertisement to make sure that the brands were accepted in the market. Advertisement expenses were $205.9 million in 2009, $181.4 million in 2008, and $207.9 million in 2007. Due to the company culture of marketing and promotions, it has emerged as a top performer in the online marketing (Kolb 45). Finance and accounting Netflix revenues grew from $500 millions in 2004 to 1.2 billions. Later in 2010, the figure rose to $2.1 billions comparing with their rivals who showed sharp decline of$569 million loss in revenue (Stelter 61). In 2010, Netflix boards of directors authorized expenditure of up to $300 millions to purchase share of common stock. Netflix recorded a profit of US $6.5 millions and revenue of $272 millions Human resource of Netflix Netflix is run by a group of

The advances of military logisitics since WWI Research Paper

The advances of military logisitics since WWI - Research Paper Example Because of its central contributions to combat, military logistics has received a significant amount of critical attention. Indeed, the 20th century witnessed tremendous innovation and development in military logistics. This research considers American military logistic advances since World War I. World War I witnessed considerable advances in American military logistics. One of the greatest considerations within World War I logistics was that the sheer enormity of the war resulted in past logistic processes being outstripped. This war witnessed amounts of men and machines that the country had never prepared. It’s considered that the average amount of ammunition used was as much as ten times pre-war estimates. Adding to these logistic problems was the consideration that establishing trenches required significant amounts of supplies. As a result, the early stages of the conflict experienced tremendous shortcomings in logistic transport, particularly in the areas of ammunition. Much logistic innovation during World War I then emerged as a response to these infrastructure challenges. A major innovation during this period was the implementation of tanks and gun sleds to lead the military advance, while military supplies would be delivered to railheads and ports many miles away (Lynn 1993, p. 109). In addition to logistic innovations, logistic shortcomings during this period had a corresponding impact on military strategy. The main recognition in these regards was that it no longer was more efficient to supply armies on the move than static armies. This realization had a corresponding impact on the very strategic initiatives within the conflict. Namely, the significant size of military operations necessarily resulted in trench warfare. There were a number of major logistic innovations during World War II that revolutionized military conflict. One of the most seminal innovations was the development of the

Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land Law - Assignment Example oning in this context that the rule of joint tenancy is guided by the provision of ‘the right of survivorship’, which reflects that following the death of any of the joint owners, the other share holder(s) of the property shall withhold their ownership right with respect to the entire property as per section 33 of the Administration of Estates Act 1925. A similar judgment was given in the case of Gayton v. Kovanda 857 N.E.2d 929 (III. App. 2006), where the ownership right to the entire property was transferred to the Appellee, Mrs. Gayton, after her husband’s demise (being tenants in common), ruling that the appellant, Louis E. Kovanda, was not entitled to the benefit from ‘the right of survivorship’ on the grounds that she was Mr. Gayton’s creditor2. However, as mentioned in the case scenario, two of the five members, i.e. Bettina and Edward, each holding one-fifth of the share for the property eventually entered into the area of ‘tenancy in common’, which made the area of joint tenancy void for them. Thus, it is quite obvious that the five members shall be no more entitled to obtain the benefits of joint tenancy as per the rule of ‘the right of survivorship’. As per the legal area of ‘Tenancy In Common’, these two members are now entitled for the complete ownership of their share in the property and use it as per their will and convenience, such as deciding whether to sale the share or gift it to their heir3. To be precise, in the area of tenancy in common, following the death of any of the co-owners, it is likely that the members’ interest will be passed on to the heirs or the beneficiaries, as mentioned in the legal will of the share holders4. However, Alan, Daniel and Claude rema ined as joint tenants holding 60% of the property share in total. Herein, the dispute emphasizes Claude’s rights to interfere in Zavier’s and Ray’s possession of the property share followed by the sudden demise of Daniel and Aunt Nora’s possession of

EHealth Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EHealth - Coursework Example Several ehealth projects have been initiated to aid patients suffering from the disease. As such, these projects have had a significant impact on people suffering from dementia and their relatives or caregivers (Ball & Lillis, 2001). In 2010, it was estimated that 35.6 million people were suffering from dementia globally. In fact, this number represents approximately 0.5% of the world’s population. Studies estimate the number to rise up to 115.4 million people by 2050. Furthermore, people have a 20% chance of suffering from dementia during their lifetime. In regard to gender, women are at a higher risk of suffering from the disease during their lifetime. Dementia is associated with old age. The older a person becomes, the higher the chances of suffering from the disease. 40 % of people aged above 90 years are suffering from the disease (Ferri et al, 2006). Individual suffering from the disease tend to forget thing easily when compared to normal old individuals or people. Unlike normal people who are able to perform their daily activities easily, people suffering from dementia experience a lot of difficulties while carrying out their daily chores and activities. Dementia is a costly disease to maintain. Th e total estimated global cost of the disease amounted to 604 billion dollars. This is a significant sum of resources/ funds. Due to the continued increase in dementia cases, the cost is expected to massively increase by 85%. In today’s world, information and communication technology has become an integral part in nearly all sectors of society. As such, mobile applications, the internet and other technologies have infiltrated all sectors including health care (Krishna, Boren & Balas, 2009). Basically, e health is defined as the utilization of ICT to improve and deliver health care services in the society (Maheu, Whitten & Allen, 2002).

Q1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Q1 - Essay Example The management system of the hospitals needs change to work efficiently. Lean can be defined as a toolset, management system or a philosophy that keeps the capability of transforming the method of organizing and managing the hospitals. The hospital system involving patients, employees and physicians can be improved in terms of management and health care by adopting the lean methodology. Overall, lean can be defined as a management system that is supportive for hospital management and health care profession reducing errors and maximizing efficiency. Value added activities in lean can be defined as those activities due to which, products or process get better, however, non-value added activities are those who have no participation to the products or process and can be removed as waste. For example, generating a printed slip of emails of the orders is a waste and should be eliminated while generation of a printed slip for required items is value added activity. A value stream can be defined as a sequential set of activities that are needed to generate a particular product or service. It is related to sub-optimization as sub-optimization occurs when the outputs are less than expected because of some lacking work from some business entity. Sub-optimization puts a negative impact on value stream as the outputs of products and services are flawed. The three forms of process from a lean perspective are about waste and they are muri, mura and muda. Muri is wasteful design, mura is wasteful implementation while muda is wasteful action. These forms are important as lean works towards elimination of wastes to make the activities value

The Berlin Wall A World Divided 1961-1989 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Berlin Wall A World Divided 1961-1989 - Essay Example This essay highlights that the differences in economic and political ideologies could have easily led to the eruption of another world war but as history dictates it the war didn’t materialize in the relatively volatile environment. Distinctively, minds engaged instead of arms for the greater good of the world. This period provides a unique period on a historical lens where the greater public demanded an ear and vouch for their future.This paper stresses that throughout the narrative a number themes are strongly expressed in regards to the period of time which are consistent. A strong sense and theme of conflict is portrayed during the times. Conflicts in ideology where the East is largely welcoming to a communist economic model where on the other hand the West are in favor of a capitalist economic model. There are also conflicting living standards across each side of the wall where the living standards on the West were comparatively economic favorable than those in the East. The strong theme of conflict is also largely emphasized on the political set up across each divide; the West can be perceived to adopt a more democratic government where the larger public have their say in state issues, this is opposed to dictatorial government perceived to be in place in the East where razor wires are erected without the public’s consent.  The aspect of leadership is also brought under the knife in the historical theatre where different world leaders adopt different styles of leadership which are hugely consequential.

Computer Security Essay Example for Free

Computer Security Essay Encryption is method of scrambling data in some manner during transmission. In periods of war, the use of encryption becomes paramount so those messages are not intercepted by the opposing forces. There are a number of different ways to protect data during transmission, such as Substitution (character for character replacement) in which one unit (usually character) of cipher text (unintelligible text or signals produced through an encryption system) is substituted for a corresponding unit of plain text (the intelligible text or signals that can be read without using decryption), according to the algorithm in use and the specific key. The other method is Transposition (rearrangement characters) which is the encryption process in which units of the original plain text (usually individual characteristics) are simply moved around; they appear unchanged in the cipher text for their relative location. Study Case (Bank of Shenandoah Valley) While both encryption and authentication method are providing some measures of security, the implementation of security itself has totally a different approach. Before any methods chosen, the two most important factors in security implementations are having to be determined. The level of security needed and the cost involved, so the appropriate steps can be taken to ensure a safe and secure environment. In this case Bank of Shenandoah Valley is in type of business which a high level of security is required, therefore, I would suggest the use of encryption method with a complex algorithm involved. Although an authentication method is a secure method as well, is not as complex as encryption method of complex algorithm since it has been used in military during the war where a high levels of security are a must. During the war, the use of encryption becomes paramount so those messages are not intercepted by the opposing forces. This is a perfect example of how reliable an encrypted message can be while used within its appropriates guidelines. 4- Describe the three different database models hierarchical, relational and network. For data to be effectively transformed into useful information, it must be organized in a logical, meaningful way. Data is generally organized in a hierarchy that starts with the smallest unit (or piece of data) used by the computer and then progresses into the database, which holds all the information about the topic. The data is organized in a top down or inverted tree likes structure. At the top of every tree or hierarchy is the root segment or element of the tree that corresponds to the main record type. The hierarchical model is best suited to situations in which the logical relationship between data can be properly presented with the one parent many children (one to many) approach. In a hierarchical database, all relationships are one to -one or one- to many, but no group of data can be on the many side of more than one relationship. Network Database is a database in which all types of relationships are allowed. The network database is an extension of the hierarchical model, where the various levels of one-to-many relationships are replaced with owner-member relationships in which a member may have many owners. In a network database structure, more that one path can often be used to access data. Databases structured according to either the hierarchical model or the network model suffers from the same deficiency: once the relationships are established between the data elements, it is difficult to modify them or to create new relationships. Relational Database describes data using a standard tabular format in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables that are the logical equivalent of files. In relational databases, data are accessed by content rather than by address (in contrast with hierarchical and network databases). Relational databases locate data logically, rather than physically. A relational database has no predetermined relationship between the data such as one-to-many sets or one-to-one. Case study ( DAngelo Transportation, Inc.) There are a number of factor which ought to be discussed during discussion: O How much of the system should by computerized? O Should we purchase software or build based on what we are using in the current system. ( make versus buy analysis) O If we decide to make the new system, should we design an on-line or batch system? O Should we design the system for a mainframe computer, minicomputer, microcomputers or some combinations? O What information technologies might be useful for this application? Some of the security issues, are consist of the level of security required and the cost involved in this conversion. A database system is vulnerable to criminal attack at many levels. Typically, it is the end user rather the programmer who is often (but not always) guilty of the simple misuse of applications. Thus, it is essential that the total system is secure. The two classifications of security violations are malicious or accidental. One of the most emphasized and significant factors of any program development is the early involvement of the end-users. This provides the programmer as well as the end-user with important functionality of the new system and help them to adapt to the new working environment more efficiently and effectively. The continuos training of the staff is essential in meeting the objectives of the organization since they will be provided with needed skills and expertise necessary to deal with daily issues using of new system.

Effect of Solar Magnetic Field (SMF) on Solar Radio Flux

Effect of Solar Magnetic Field (SMF) on Solar Radio Flux Paper published in the proceedings of Conference on Recent Trends of Research in Physics (CRTRP 2012); Page no. 85-91, 2012, ISBN: 9788190436298 3.1. Introduction: The solar activity appears to be straightforwardly associated with the strong and complex solar magnetic field.The huge solar magnetic field is a result of the flow of plasma currents within the Sun, which impel charged particles to move about from one of the Sun’s poles to another. The mean magnetic field is the strength of the longitudinal component of the photospheric magnetic field averaged across nearly all the visible hemisphere of the Sun. The sun’s magnetic field has the remarkable property that it is not distributed uniformly, but concentrated in flux ropes which appear on the surface of sunspots, plages and network. Hale first found the evidence of strong magnetic field in the sunspot from the Zeeman splitting (Hale 1908). Sunspots are the seats of the strong magnetic field and the field strength of a large sunspot can be as high as 3000 Gauss. Due to the strong magnetic field inside the sunspot, the convection is inhabited and the region becomes relatively cooler and hence darker compared to its surrounding region. So sunspots can be treated as the best manifestation of the Sun’s magnetic field (Solanki 2003). Figure: 3.1.1. Solar magnetic field (Image credit- http://www.nasa.gov) The variations of sunspot number have well-established periods of about 11 years (Hathaway et al.2002). The period of magnetic activity cycle is twice as that of sunspot cycle, about 22 years on average (Hale et al. 1919). Most of the solar activity parameters vary consistently with the sunspot cycle. Among these parameter solar radio flux is one which has its own importance in Radio Astronomy as the precise information about its emission from its origin region provides the details about the temperature, constituents, density, ionization, magnetic fields and the physical nature of the various sources inside Solar structure (Kundu, 1965). Thus to diagnose the solar atmosphere and the magnetic energy release in solar corona, radio observations serve as a powerful tool. The radio flux has its origin from atmospheric layers high in the solar chromospheres and low in the solar corona, though the accurate level of origin is not yet fully known (Kane, 2003). Observations at different radio frequencies provide the information about the various depths and the physical structure on the solar atmosphere. Accurate daily radio fluxes at different frequencies are very useful for the study of solar physics of the different layers of solar atmosphere (Zieba, 2001). Many workers have performed correlation and spectral analysis of solar radio flux variations (El-Raey and Scherrer, 1973). Watari (1996) analyzed solar radio emission at several frequencies to investigate their irregularities, time variation and solar coronal activity at different heights. Kane et al. (2001), Vats et al. (1998) and Mouradian et al. (2002) used the solar radio fluxes at different frequencies to study the coronal rotation period at different heights and its differentiality as a function of the altitude. Meheta (2005) has studied the relationship of rotation period with different phases of solar cycle. It is already evident in the literature that various frequency bands in the range starting from 245 MHz to 15400 MHz originate from different layers of solar atmosphere starting from lower chromospheres to upper corona as illustrated in the Table 3.1. Thus study of radio flux at different frequencies within this range provides the information about different layers of solar atmosphere. Table 3.1. : Different radio frequencies and their origin in solar atmosphere The quiet Sun emission at different frequencies contains information about densities and temperatures in different layers of the solar atmosphere (Watari, 1996). It is one of the prime reasons of studying solar radio emission at different frequencies during the Solar Figure: 3.1.2. Monthly variation of sunspot number for the year 2009. (Image credit- http://www.greatdreams.com/solar/2009/space-weather-december-2009.htm) minimum period which provides an opportunity to the scientific community to study the physical behavior of Solar atmosphere. It also provides very useful information about the temperature and the shape of the solar corona (Kundu, 1965). Thus the study of solar radio emission during the minimum period serves as an important tool for the study of solar corona. The current minimum of cycle 23-24 has been treated as a peculiar minimum characterized by reduced polar field strength, extremely low level of solar activity and extending for longer duration (Gopalswamy et al, 2012). Various solar indices like F10.7 cm, EUV flux, solar wind etc. behaved unusually during this minimum. Even the ionosphere also showed an anomalous behavior (Eduardo et al, 2011). The boundary between the Earth’s upper atmosphere and space also moved to an extraordinary low altitude (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081215121601.html) during the period. This type of unusual behavior of this minimum has c reated the interest among the solar science community to make a rigorous study on this period. The microwave brightness temperature during this minimum was substantially diminished compared to the 22-23 minimum which is also consistent with the decrease in solar magnetic field strength (Gopalswamy et al, 2012). Basu (2010) found the evidence of difference of Sun’s internal structure during the current minimum from the minimum of previous cycle. During the minimum period, the 2800 MHz radio flux showed an anomalous behavior in its correlation with Sunspot number (Tapping, 2011). In the context of above peculiarities of current solar minimum, it is interesting to see the variation of correlation of solar radio flux at several frequencies with sunspot number during this period. In this chapter the preliminary results regarding the study on the relation of solar radio flux and solar magnetic field parameters have been presented. Here the frequency distributions of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux with sunspot number and solarmagnetic field have been investigated for solar minimum and maximum period. We have also make analysis of periodic variation of basal component of solar radio emissions. 3.2. Observation: Here we studied the behavior of solar radio flux for the extended solar minima of Solar cycle 23 (2009). Firstly, we calculated the correlation between the solar radio flux and Sunspot number which is the index for measuring the variability of these two solar activity parameters. We have found the correlation coefficient at eight frequencies (245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4995, 8800, 15400 MHz) using data from Sagamore Hills radio Solar observatories. For the calculation of correlation coefficient, we excluded the points from dataset of those radio fluxes, which are having values greater by 40% of the average flux value of a day. It has been done for neglecting sudden variation in flux due to several transient activities. The correlation coefficients are plotted in figure. 3.2.1 3.2.2. Correlation coefficient between the sunspot and radio flux Many workers (Das and Nag, 1999, Das and Nag, 1996) have shown that the frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of the solar radio flux and Sunspot numbers follows a pattern. We have calculated the correlation coefficients for solar maximum (2001) and minimum (2009) of solar cycle and found that the frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients does not show the similar pattern as has been reported in the literature. During the maximum period the correlation coefficient is highest for 1415 MHz but in minimum it’s highest for 2695 MHz. In literature also it has been reported that the correlation coefficient attains its maximum value at Figure 3.2.1: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and sunspot number 2695 MHz as it is very close to the 2800 MHz (Das and Nag, 1996). But during the solar maximum period the highest correlation has been found for 1415 MHz while at solar minimum period it is for 2695 MHz. Rather that this after 2695 MHz there is a decline in the correlation coefficient of higher frequencies for maximum period where as for minimum period the trend is Figure 3.2.2: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and sunspot number not same as the 8800 MHz shows a correlation which is greater than for 4995 MHz. Rather than this the variation of correlation coefficient has also been checked for different solar minimum period. Das and Nag, 1996 has already reported the correlation coefficient of the radio flux and the sunspot number for the 1975, 1986, 1996 minima. We have compared these correlation coefficients with the obtained ones for 2009 solar minimum. From the plot it can be noted that during this period the value of the correlation coefficient is very low in comparison to the value of the previous three minima. 3.2.3. Correlation coefficient between the solar mean magnetic field and radio flux Like the radio flux and sunspot number, the correlation between the radio flux and solar mean magnetic field has also been checked for this minimum period. It has been found that the values of the correlation co-efficient are very low and the there is a pattern in the variation of the frequency distribution of the correlation coefficients. Figure 3.2.2: Frequency distribution of correlation coefficients of solar radio flux and solar mean magnetic field 3.3. Discussion: In this chapter, the relation between the solar magnetic field and the solar radio flux has been investigated. In the foregoing analysis the correlation coefficient of radio emission and sunspot number, has been found to be low with respect to the correlations of other cycles. Where as the correlation of solar mean magnetic field and radio flux is also very low. During this minima period, the frequency distribution of correlation coefficient of radio flux and sunspot number and the periodic behavior of solar radio flux is random whether it has a similar pattern for previous three minima (Das, 1998). The anomaly in correlation of radio flux with sunspot number might be due to the unusual behavior of the microwaves as it has been already reported for the correlation between 2800 MHz and sunspot number (Hudson, 2009). There was a change in activities between photospheric and chromospheric or coronal indices during the later part of cycle 23, through the extended minimum (Tapping, 2011) and the polar magnetic fields of Sun have an important role in shaping the Solar corona and heliosphere around the Solar minimum period when the polar dipole moment becomes leading component of large scale magnetic field of the Sun (Wang and Sheeley, 2002). During this minima period, Sun’s polar field was 40% less compared to the previous three minima (Wang et al, 2009). Consistently, the corona also retained some complexity during the lowest activity level (Toma et al, 2010a). During the current minimum, the Solar corona never reached at a simple dipolar configuration (De Toma et al, 2010b) rather the eclipse data showed higher order multi-polar structure (Judge 2010). Thus different magnetic configuration is supposed to give rise to a different morphology of Solar corona rather than from the previous three minima. Thus different magnetic configuration is supposed to give rise to a different morphology of Solar corona rather than from the previous three minima. The variation obtained in correlation coefficient’s pattern could also be due to this complex behavior of Solar corona and heliosphere. 3.4. Concluding remarks: The preliminary study presented in this chapter points that during the recent solar minimum, the correlation coefficient of radio emission and sunspot number has been low with respect to the correlation coefficients of previous solar minima. Rather than this the correlation of solar mean magnetic field and radio flux is also found to be very low during this minimum period. During this minima period, the frequency distribution of correlation coefficient of radio flux and sunspot number is random whether it has a similar pattern for previous three minima (Das and Nag 1998). The frequencies studied at the present work for analyzing the characteristics of Solar radio flux, provide information about the complex behavior of Solar corona and different shape of corona with respect to the previous minima during (Toma et al, 2010b). However we believe that detail investigation with more independent analysis using different parameters is required to critically analyze different Solar features especially during the current minima period to have more insight about the physical processes going on inside the Sun at different time scales. References: Hale, G. E. (1908), On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots, Astrophysical Journal, 28, 315. Solanki, S. K. and Krivova, N. A. (2003), Can solar variability explain global warming since 1970? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 108, A5. Hathaway, D. H., Wilson, R. M., Reichmann, E. J. (2002), Group Sunspot Numbers: Sunspot Cycle Characteristics, Solar Physics, 211, 1, 357. Hale, G. E., Ellerman, F., Nicholson, S. B., Joy, A. H. 1919, ApJ,49, 153 Kundu, M. R. (1965), Solar Radio Astronomy. Interscience Publishers, New York. Kane, R. P., Vats, H. O., Sawant, H. S. (2001), Short term periodicities in the time series of solar radio emissions at different solar altitude, Solar Physics., 201, 181. Zieba. S., Maslowski. J., Michalec. A., Kulak. A. (2001), Periodicities in data observed during the minimum and the rising phase of solar cycle 23; years 1996 1999. Astronomy Astrophysics, 377, 297. El- raey. Mohamed, Scherrer. Phillip (1973), Correlation and spectral analysis of daily solar radio flux, Solar Physics, 30, 149. Watari, S. (1996), Separation of periodic, chaotic and random components in solar activity, Solar Physics, 168, 413. Kane, R. P. (2004), Long term and medium term variations of solar radio emissions at different frequencies, Solar Physics 219, 357. Vats, H. O., Deshpande, M. R., Shah, C. R., Mehta, M. (1998), Rotational modulation of microwave solar flux, Solar Physics, 181, 351. Mouradian, Z., Bocchia, R., Botton, C. (2002), Solar activity cycle and rotation of the corona, Astronomy Astrophysics, 394, 1103 Mehta, M. (2005), Solar coronal rotation and phase of solar activity cycle , Bulletin of Astronomical Society of India, 33, 323. Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Mà ¤kelà ¤, P., Michalek, G., Shibasaki, K., Hathaway, D. H. (2012), Behavior of Solar Cycles 23 and 24 Revealed by Microwave Observations, Astrophysical Journal, 750, 2, L42. Eduardo, A. A, Redmon, R, Fedrizzi, M, Viereck, R, Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. (2011) Some Characteristics of the Ionospheric Behavior During the Solar Cycle 23 – 24 Minimum, Solar Phys, 274, 439. Basu, S. (2010), Differences Between the Current Solar Minimum and Earlier Minima, SOHO-23: Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 428, 37. Tapping, K. F., Valdà ©s, J. J. (2011), Did the Sun Change Its Behaviour During the Decline of Cycle 23 and Into Cycle 24? Solar Physics, 272, 337. Das. T. K., Nag. T. K. (1997), Periodicity in the basal component od radio emission during maximum and minimum solar activity, Solar Physics, 179, 431. Das. T. K., and Nag. T. K. (1999), Frequency dependence of the periodicity of the intensity of the non-magnetic component of solar radio emission, Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society, 303, 221. Hudson. Hugh S., Svalgaard. L., Shibasaki. K., Tapping. K., Microwaves in the recent solar minimum 2009, Hinode-3: 3rd Hinode Science Meeting. Wang. Y.M., Robbrecht. E., Sheeley jr. N. R. (2009), On the weakening of the polar magnetic fields during solar cycle 23, The Astrophysical Journal , 707, 1372. G. de Toma, Gibson, S.E., Emery, B.A., and Arge, C.N. (2010a), The Minimum between Cycle 23 and 24: Is Sunspot Number the Whole Story? SOHO23 Proceedings Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, 217. De Toma G., Gibson. S., Emery. B., Kozyra. J. (2010b), Solar Cycle 23: An Unusual Solar Minimum? AIP Conference Proceedings, 1216, 667. Judge, P. G., Burkepile, J., Toma, G. D. (2010), Historical eclipses and the recent solar minimum corona, SOHO23 Proceedings Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 428, 171.

Hamlet’s Self-Perception :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet’s Self-Perception  Ã‚   The way we see ourselves is often reflected in the way we act. Hamlet views himself as different to those young nobles around him such as Fortinbras and Laertes. This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are. How can you be honest in a world full of deceit and hate? His seven soliloquies tell us that while the days go by he grows more cunning as he falls deeper into his madness. This fact might have lead Hamlet to believe that suicide is what he really wants for his life's course.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The way we perceive our lives is echoed in the way we comport ourselves in everyday life. Hamlet is a man of visible education and he would rather use his mind over his fist. He is quick to look for an explanation on behalf of the actions of others. Hamlet is not a man to search out blood without a rational justification. When dealing with Laertes and Fortinbras you can vividly see the contrast between the extremes. Once Laertes finds out his father has been unjustly murdered, he swiftly swears revenge without give the situation a second thought in contrast to Hamlet who takes all factors into mind before carrying out a sentence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laertes- How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. To hell allegiance, vows to the blackest devil, Conscience and grace to the profoundest pit!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (IV;V;129-132) Each man deals with grief in extremely distinct manners, when looking at Laertes in comparison to Hamlet you can swiftly see their great contrast to one another. Hamlet would rather create reason before madness; he is the type to use his brain before his fist. Whereas Laertes is always caught up in his anger that he sees no means to absolve the actions of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet- When honor is at stake. How stand I then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, Excitements of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep, while to my shame I see The imminent death of twenty thousand men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (IV;IV;56-61)    This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are.

Women in Movies Essay -- essays papers

Women in Movies Since the 1940’s, movies have predominately portrayed women as sex symbols. Beginning in the 1940’s and continuing though the 1980’s, women did not have major roles in movies. When they did have a leading role the women was either pretreated as unintelligent and beautiful, or as conniving and beautiful: But she was always beautiful. Before the 1990’s, men alone, wrote and directed all the movies, and the movies were written for men. In comparison, movies of the 90’s are not only written and directed by women, but leading roles are also held by older and unattractive women. In this paper I will show the variations and growth of women’s roles in movies from the 1940’s though the 1990’s. In the 1940’s women did not have predominate roles in movies. In the few movies that were based around women, the woman’s character was written by a man, and the woman was portrayed as a sex symbol. In the movie Double Indemnity, a woman named Phillis is plotting to have her husband killed because she wants to collect his life insurance and be freed from an unhappy marriage. She uses her sexuality and good looks to convince Walter Neff to help her in her scheme. In this movie, Phillis is a beautiful, sexy, conniving killer.In the end, however, because she does not have the heart to kill her husband, the audience is supposed to redeem her conniving image. In the 1940’s movie Gilda, the women has two different stereotypes. The first stereotype is a beautiful sex goddess. She is so beautiful that any man would love to be with her. The second stereotype parterres her as a scorned women. After a past relationship with a man named Johnny has left her angry, she reacts by trying to make him jealous by having affairs with other men. Through out the movie Gilda marries Johnny ‘s boss and then cheats on him a few times. Even though Gilda does all of this by the end of the movie Johnny forgives her and once again turns the women’s life into something meaningful. These two movies party two women who act very much alike. They both use their sexuality to get men to give them what they want. In the 1950’s women are either sex goddess or homemakers, but they are both looking for husbands. In the movie Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, the women are blonde, beautiful, and voluptuous. They are so beautiful that when they walk into a room the men dr... ...end of the movie the fall in love. This movie portrays a woman having a horrible life until a man comes along and gives it meaning. The latter 1990’s have brought many wonderful movies to theaters worldwide. More movies now are about women and their lives. The movie G.I. Jane is about a women who goes through navy seals training. She is picked out of many women to go through this training. She is chosen because she is pretty and feminine. She proves herself by successfully completing her training and becoming a navy seal. Although she is a strong woman and she is not supposed to be a sex symbol, she is still shown throughout the movie with little clothing. The movies are different from movies in the 1940’s because women are taking different roles than that of the homemaker or the slut. Now men find women who are strong physically and mentally. Women’s roles in movies have changed dramatically throughout the years. In the 1940’s women’s characters were stereotyped as sex objects. In the 1990’s women’s characters are stereotyped to be strong individuals. I am glad that women’s characters are now portrayed as they truly are, and not how men think they should be. Women in Movies Essay -- essays papers Women in Movies Since the 1940’s, movies have predominately portrayed women as sex symbols. Beginning in the 1940’s and continuing though the 1980’s, women did not have major roles in movies. When they did have a leading role the women was either pretreated as unintelligent and beautiful, or as conniving and beautiful: But she was always beautiful. Before the 1990’s, men alone, wrote and directed all the movies, and the movies were written for men. In comparison, movies of the 90’s are not only written and directed by women, but leading roles are also held by older and unattractive women. In this paper I will show the variations and growth of women’s roles in movies from the 1940’s though the 1990’s. In the 1940’s women did not have predominate roles in movies. In the few movies that were based around women, the woman’s character was written by a man, and the woman was portrayed as a sex symbol. In the movie Double Indemnity, a woman named Phillis is plotting to have her husband killed because she wants to collect his life insurance and be freed from an unhappy marriage. She uses her sexuality and good looks to convince Walter Neff to help her in her scheme. In this movie, Phillis is a beautiful, sexy, conniving killer.In the end, however, because she does not have the heart to kill her husband, the audience is supposed to redeem her conniving image. In the 1940’s movie Gilda, the women has two different stereotypes. The first stereotype is a beautiful sex goddess. She is so beautiful that any man would love to be with her. The second stereotype parterres her as a scorned women. After a past relationship with a man named Johnny has left her angry, she reacts by trying to make him jealous by having affairs with other men. Through out the movie Gilda marries Johnny ‘s boss and then cheats on him a few times. Even though Gilda does all of this by the end of the movie Johnny forgives her and once again turns the women’s life into something meaningful. These two movies party two women who act very much alike. They both use their sexuality to get men to give them what they want. In the 1950’s women are either sex goddess or homemakers, but they are both looking for husbands. In the movie Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, the women are blonde, beautiful, and voluptuous. They are so beautiful that when they walk into a room the men dr... ...end of the movie the fall in love. This movie portrays a woman having a horrible life until a man comes along and gives it meaning. The latter 1990’s have brought many wonderful movies to theaters worldwide. More movies now are about women and their lives. The movie G.I. Jane is about a women who goes through navy seals training. She is picked out of many women to go through this training. She is chosen because she is pretty and feminine. She proves herself by successfully completing her training and becoming a navy seal. Although she is a strong woman and she is not supposed to be a sex symbol, she is still shown throughout the movie with little clothing. The movies are different from movies in the 1940’s because women are taking different roles than that of the homemaker or the slut. Now men find women who are strong physically and mentally. Women’s roles in movies have changed dramatically throughout the years. In the 1940’s women’s characters were stereotyped as sex objects. In the 1990’s women’s characters are stereotyped to be strong individuals. I am glad that women’s characters are now portrayed as they truly are, and not how men think they should be.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Their Advantages Essay -- Cars Energy HEV

Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Their Advantages 'The HEV [Hybrid Electric Vehicle] concept goes back to 1905. On November 23 of that year, American engineer H. Piper filed for a patent on a hybrid vehicle. Piper's design called for an electric motor to augment a gasoline engine'(1, pg 2) and thus, the HEV was born. Hybrid Electric Vehicles, otherwise known as HEVs are vehicles that 'combine the internal combustion engine of a conventional vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle'(2). In this day and age car manufactures are trying to out-compete one another in terms of car features and sales. Technology has come a long way since 1905 but the principle is still the same: to produce hybrid vehicles that not only can compete with standard vehicles in terms of price and available features, but that also offer better mileage and less pollution. One may understand why hybrid vehicles are a good choice, but one may not understand why more auto manufacturers have turned to hybrids instead of electric vehicles. 'HEVs do not share an electric vehicle's main drawback: limited range between chargings. The few thousand electric vehicles on the roads in the U.S' can travel only about 80 miles before their batteries need recharging, which can take anywhere from three to eight hours'(1, pg1). For those who do not wish to be constrained by having to charge up batteries and worry about mileage, HEVs are the next logical choice. There are two different types of hybrid vehicles: parallel and designated series. The following is a good description of each : ?In a series hybrid, the internal combustion engine drives a generator that charges the batteries, whic... ...ent as well. Hybrid vehicles emit significantly less pollutants than do standard cars and trucks and their fuel efficiency is also a positive aspect that can attract consumers who are interested in saving money. As technology advances and hybrid technologies becomes more efficient it seems that the HEV ?could be- - and in fact should be - - the car of the near future?(1). Sources: 1) Online version of Scientific American article, by Wouk, Victor. October 1997. Hybrid Electric Vehicles: http://www.sciam.com/1097issue/1097wouk.html 2) http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/what.html 3) http://www.honda2001.com/models/2001/environment.html 4) http://prius.toyota.com/technology/hybrid.html 5) http://prius.toyota.com/green/index.html 6) http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions/ 7) http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/concept.html

Emilia in Othello: A complete Transformation

During the sixteenth century, men were able to control their wives and women were not able to speak out against their husbands, including Emilia, a character in William Shakespeare's play Othello, is completely underestimated by every character, including her husband, Iago. In the beginning of the play, Emilia is submissive, but in the end she transforms and stands up to her husband and doesn't let him get away with any of his manipulations. At the beginning of the play, Emilia is completely submissive and couldn't argue with Iago whatsoever, no matter what he said and she was willing to do anything, as long at it helped him succeed.When Iago talks about women, he really has nothing nice to say. In fact, when Iago is slandering women and talking about Emilia and she doesn't stand up to him, only Desdemona does, telling Iago to stop talking about Emilia so harshly. He says, â€Å"players in your huswifery and huswives in your bed,† saying that women are only good for cleaning a nd in bed (2. 1. 121-125). Iago goes on to say women talk to much and are practically useless. Desdemona refutes Iago, but Emilia cannot.Another example of Emilia's submission is when she and Desdemona are talking about why people cheat and Emilia says that she would cheat on her husband, not if there was any benefit to her, but if it would benefit her husband, she wouldn't think twice (4. 3. 81-87). Emilia begins the play completely submissive to her husband and unable to defend herself against the awful things he says. Then, towards the middle of Act five, Emilia begins to put Iago's manipulations together and is wary of his motivations.As soon as Emilia hears that Desdemona has been killed, she, Othello and Iago are speaking and Emilia begins to question Iago, saying, â€Å"disprove this villian if thou be'st a man,† Iago responds saying that he told Othello what he thought was true and Emilia continues to try and figure out what Iago has spun together (5. 2. 210-214). The n, when Emilia pieces more of Iago's complex puzzle of manipulations, she begins to get angry saying to Iago, â€Å"you told a lie, an odious, damned lie! Upon my soul, a lie, a wicked lie! † (5. 2.  216-218).Emilia makes an accusation, claiming her husband is the reason everyone has been killed, in front of many other men. This was extremely bold of her because during this time, women were taught to obey their husbands. Emilia is the one who Iago should've known best, the easiest to trick, but instead she's the only one who can and does begin to reveal Iago's complete manipulations of every single other character. Here, Emilia begins her complete transformation from being completely submissive to defying Iago's commands.As the drama continues, Emilia completely reveals Iago's manipulations along with the many lies that he has told all the other characters. Emilia finally puts all the pieces of Iago's web of manipulations together, and realizes the complete terror that he h as caused. When Emilia is questioning Iago, he tells her to be quiet and leave them alone. Emilia responds back angrily, â€Å"I will not charm my tounge. I am bound to speak. My mistress here lies murdered in her bed† (5. 2. 220-221) Emilia knows what has happened and knows that she needs to tell everyone before the situation gets even worse and even more people die.Then, Emilia continues on telling everyone what happened and Iago continues to threaten her to be quiet. Here, Emilia begins her ultimate reveal. She tells Othello, â€Å"O thou dull moor, that hankercheif thou speak'st of, I found my fortune, and did give my husband-For often, with a solemn earnestness, more than indeed belonged to such a trifle, he begged of me to steal it† (5. 2. 267-272) Emilia finally tells everyone that she is the one who found the hankercheif, that Cassio did not get the hankercheif from Desdemona and that there is no way Desdemona was cheating on Othello.The end of act five is wher e Emilia completely makes her transformation from being an silent, obedient wife, to accusing her husband of murder in public. Therefore, Emilia is underestimated by every character because of her complete obedience to her husband, Iago. Then, as Iago's plans come to light, Emilia is the first to solve Iago's puzzle of manipulations and bring them to light in front of many other Venetian men, which was completely surprising to everyone because women at this time were not meant to speak out in public against their husbands and their husbands were supposed to have their wives in complete submission.

Digital Bangladesh

The golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh would be observed in 2021. The country has already fixed its target of achieving ‘Digital Bangladesh' by that time. It is a timely expectation for proper positioning the country among other hi-tech countries globally. A country goes digital means it will be an e-state means all its activities of governance, commerce, education, agriculture etc. , will be powered by computer and internet. Today information communication technology (ICT) drives the technological and economic advancement of the developed as well as emerging economies.The goal of establishing such digital country would bring success in the ICT sector, which cannot be ignored in this 21st century. Heading towards that target will link every device such as cell phone, internet, computer, e-learning, e-governance etc. Today the entire world is gradually becoming a Digital Planet. Almost every state is heading towards a knowledge-based society and Bangladesh cannot s tay away from the advantages out of it. Though it is very easy to speak about such a dream, i. e. making a country digital, but at the same time it is very difficult to implement it.For implementation, it is basically the government who will take initiatives while the other political parties also need to play important role. For more than decades we are in the user level of computer, but we failed to develop better ICT infrastructure and not able to provide digital devices to the common people. A very first step for ‘Digital Bangladesh' would be to spread the ICT education throughout the country. Internet facilities should be made available to the remotest corner of the country at a cheaper rate. The speed of the internet must be made maximum to get the benefit of the time.Boosting up the ICT industry deserves huge investment as well as care by right ICT policy. A comprehensive plan and effort through a holistic approach needs to be made. Market needs to be broadened both in a nd outside the country for software, outsourcing and programming. Hardware plant needs to be established in the country. Bangladesh as a country with 150 million population has huge potential, despite having many problems. It is very important to create skilled manpower educated in science and technology. Currently, the people of Bangladesh remain far away from using ICT, when the whole world is getting developed with the blessings of ICT.Though late, but Bangladesh is already connected with SEA-ME-WE4 submarine fiber-optic cable connection. The government needs to adopt a viable ICT policy and set up a state of the art Hi-Tech Park with a view to flourishing the ICT sector. At present, the ICT sector falls under three separate ministries, namely post and telecommunication, science and technology and information. For obvious reasons, there is a need for bringing the ICT sector under a single umbrella to ease policy formulation and realize the potential.A holistic approach needs to b e taken by all the stakeholders to reach the ICT facilities to the doorstep of the common people. It is the time to take initiative to hand over a computer to every child of the country. The broadband internet charge needs to be reduced at minimum level. Therefore, it is the expectation of the mass people that the government will take all possible steps to create a SMART (simple, measurable, accountable, responsive and transparent) ‘Digital Bangladesh' and establish a knowledge-based society within 50 years of her independence in 2021.

‘Cousin Kate’ by Christina Rossetti Essay

This Victorian poem is about the narrator (a fallen woman), the Lord and Kate. It is a ballad which tells the story from the narrator’s perspective about being shunned by society after her ‘experiences’ with the lord. The poem’s female speaker recalls her contentment in her humble surroundings until the local ‘Lord of the Manor’ took her to be his lover. He discarded her when she became pregnant and his affections turned to another village girl, Kate, whom he then married. Although the speaker’s community condemned the speaker as a ‘fallen’ woman, she reflects that her love for the lord was more faithful than Kate’s. She is proud of the son she bore him and is sure that the man is unhappy that he and Kate remain childless. Some readers think that she feels more betrayed by her cousin than the lord. This poem is a dramatic monologue written in the Victorian era. Structure The poem is written in first person narrative. It has 6 stanzas of 8 lines: One stanza each on the narrator, the Lord and Kate; stanza 4 contrasts the position of the narrator and Kate; stanza 5 criticises Kate and stanza 6 focuses on the narrator’s triumph at having a child. Each stanza is the same length and each line has a similar rhythm, giving it a ballad-like feel. It could also be conveying the strength and perseverance of the narrator who has to face life in conflict with the expectations of Victorian society. Note that the tone changes as the poem progresses – regret, accusation, bitterness, triumph. The rhyme scheme always connects the B (2nd line) of each couplet. E. g Stanza one – AB/CB/DB/DB. Sometimes the first line of the couplet is rhymed. The rhyme emphasises the last world to aid meaning. The regular rhyme could also suggest that narrator has not only been dominated by the Lord (because men and in particular men of a higher social standing) but is also trapped with Victorian social conventions (she is now a fallen woman in conflict with the values of her society). Sometimes the first line is rhymed as in Stanza 3 – AB/AB/CB/AB. In this case the words ‘Kate’, ‘gate’ and ‘estate’ are stressed in order to convey the way Kate has been elevated from her position in society. However in stanza 5 this rhyme of ‘true’ and ‘you’ contrasts the narrator’s strength of feeling with Kate’s. ‘Cousin Kate’ is written with an iambic rhythm. Generally, one line of the poem has three feet, and the next has four. The poem, therefore, generally follows the following pattern: da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum da dum Iambic rhythms often follow the natural rhythm of speech, a little like a heartbeat. If we apply this to one of Rossetti’s lines, it reads as follows: â€Å"Because you were so good and pure†. Therefore the meaning of the words is captured in the line as specific words are stressed. The repetition of: ‘Why did a great lord find me out’, conveys the anger and bewilderment of the speaker at her change of circumstances, whilst the phrase: ‘good and pure’ has a hollow ring by its second occurrence. Thereafter, repeated phrases are altered to highlight the contrasting situations of Kate and the speaker: The community ‘call’ Kate ‘good and pure’, but ‘call’ the speaker ‘an outcast thing’. Kate ‘sit[s] in gold’, the speaker ‘sit[s] †¦ in dust’. The image of dust connects to a life of poverty and also suggests how she has been soiled by society. Whereas ‘gold’ suggests that her cousin has riches. Kate’s fate is to ‘sit †¦ and sing’, the speaker’s to ‘sit and howl’. This suggests the mental anguish that the narrator is experiencing at being abandoned whereas to ‘sing’ indicates that Kate is content. However, the speaker believes her ‘love was true’, while Kate’s ‘love was writ in sand’ suggesting that her love is stronger than Kate’s. The echoed structure in the final stanza – that Kate has ‘not got’ and is ‘not like to get’ the gift of a child – emphasises the speaker’s sense of triumph. Language The speaker’s questions in the first stanza express her anger and confusion at the experiences she has had to endure: ‘Why did a great lord find me out†¦ Why did a great lord find me out? ’ She suggests that before the arrival of the ‘great lord’, she was happy and ‘contented’ (line 3). She was not looking for a new situation in life. It came unexpectedly. The idea that the lord filled her heart with care suggests that she had less to worry about previously. She is angry that he made her anxious instead of happy and took her away from her friends, her ‘cottage mates’ (line 3). She questions her cousin Kate in stanza 4 suggesting that she loved the lord whereas her cousin did not marry for love. The speaker addresses her questions, laments and moans to Kate. She begins the third verse, ‘O Lady Kate, my cousin Kate’ and the fifth, ‘O cousin Kate’. Throughout, she employs a tone of accusation, repeatedly using the word ‘you’ as she compares Kate to herself. In the last four lines, the speaker draws her attention away from her bitterness at Kate and addresses her son. She calls him ‘my shame, my pride’ (line 45). The oxymoron highlights the conflict that she experiences at loving the Lord and her son but also knowing that she has defied moral convention. Through active and passive verbs Rossetti emphasises the powerlessness of women in Victorian society by associating the lord with a series of actions which take the initiative. He ‘f[ound]’ the speaker ‘out’ / ‘praise[d]’ her / ‘lured’ her / ‘wore’ her / ‘changed’ her / ‘cast’ her ‘by’ / ‘fooled’ her. These are harsh actions, which become more ominous with regard to Kate. Like a stalker, the lord: ‘saw’ her / ‘chose’ her’ / ‘watched’ her / ‘lifted’ her ‘To sit with him’ / ‘bound’ her/ ‘won’ her / ‘bought’ her. Like a hunter, the lord ‘f[ound]’ the speaker ‘out’, ‘lured’ her, then ‘chose’ his next victim in Kate, whom he ‘watched’, then picked up (‘lifted’) and ‘bound’. Both women are referred to as birds, with Kate seeming to be trussed and bound by her fine clothes and wedding ring. In ‘Cousin Kate’, the dove image draws on these ideas of hope and fulfilment and is a symbol of purity that stands in direct contrast to the contaminated state the speaker finds herself as she describes herself as ‘an unclean thing’ (line 15). However, she acknowledges that the tenderness associated with the dove is no match for Kate’s ‘stronger wing’. Even though the speaker claims that she ‘would  have spit’ and ‘[would] not have taken’ the lord, the fact that this is in the future conditional tense indicates that the reality of the situation is in fact very different – she will always be powerless. Alliteration is used throughout the poem: The soft innocence of the speaker before her life changed is conveyed by the soft M of ‘maiden’, ‘mates’ and ‘mindful’ in stanza 1 When the speaker claims that she was led to the lord’s house to lead a ‘shameless shameful life’, the sibilance in this line reinforces the joining together of oxymorons that these words perform. It also reflects the hushed manner in which the speaker was ensnared by the lord, taken in, then later cast aside The speaker’s anger shines through the harsh consonants of ‘Lady Kate, my cousin Kate’ In the final stanza, the speaker emphasises the close bond she shares with her son when she asks that he ‘Cling closer, closer yet’ (line 46). The emphasis here highlights her fear and together with the repetition of the word ‘closer’, suggests that it is for her own comfort, as well as her son’s, that they remain together. Strong images are used to convey the predicament of the narrator. She claims that the lord considered her as a ‘plaything’ (line 12) whom he could treat how he liked without any regard for her feelings. Much like the ‘silken knot’ (line 12) he wore around his neck (a cravat or tie), he treated her as a fashion accessory he could use and then cast away, rather than as an individual with her own needs. The speaker recognises that the lord ‘changed me like a glove’ (line 13). He used her and moulded her into a shape that suited him and then, like a glove that no longer pleases, dispensed with her completely. A glove is an intimate and personal object that fits itself around its user. By describing herself as a glove, the speaker acknowledges that she lost sight of her own needs and desires in an attempt to please and suit the lord. Essay title: Explain how Rossetti creates sympathy for the narrator in ‘Cousin Kate’. Use examples from the poem to support your answers.

HR problem

All employees are continually performance managed and this is looked at when going or promotion so the employees are always putting a lot of effort to get good assessments and appraisals. When many of the employees joined the company they were told that promotion would be available within two years, however this has not been the case. The general management seem not to worry about this lack of motivation and seem to think as long as the employees are making money they will be happy.Part b Problem Analysis To analyses the problems in this organization we need to look the issue of motivation at work and also the psychological contract between the company and the employee. Arnold et al (1995 cited in Preston 2006 P. 7) suggests that motivation is made up of three components: 1 . Direction: what a person is trying to do 2. Effort: how hard a person is trying 3. Persistence: how long a person continues trying Looking at this suggestion you can see that In the case of the employees they ha ve a key direction In looking for promotion and are putting In a lot of effort to receive good assessments and appraisals.However, they are starting to lack in persistence as they A highly motivated employee will be: o More committed to the business o A more productive worker Happier in their Job A useful theory we can use to look at motivational issues is Mascots hierarchy of needs. Self-actualization Esteem Social (belonging) Safety Physiological Preston (2006 p. 12) states ‘Mason believed that all people are motivated by the same things, but there are different levels of need.When one set of needs in the hierarchy has been met, we work harder to fulfill the next level. ‘ In relation to the problem stated earlier a majority of the employees work hard to achieve the different stages of need, however now they are lacking motivation because they are striving for more ND working harder to achieve more but it is not being made available to them. We can also look at Victor B room's expectancy theory he uses the equation x I x V) which looks at the process of motivation.In this case even though the effort being but in by the employees is huge, the outcome they are hoping for (promotion) is not great or non-existent. As promotion is a high priority for these employees they therefore have a lack of motivation. Another motivation theory we can link to this problem is Douglas McGregor (1960) Theory X and Theory Y. In this case the management are obviously Theory X managers only believing employees are motivated by money. The employees will become very disheartened by this as they are trying extremely hard and not being recognized for it.The psychological contract forms part of the unwritten contract and as Preston (2006 pop) states ‘differs from a written contract in that it is concerned with implicit expectations, obligations and promises that both parties believe have been made with regard to what each owes and expects to receive from each other. â⠂¬Ëœ The psychological contract covers a lot of areas and has become more important in cent times where the employee expects a lot more from their employer. When joining the company the employees understood that promotion would be available within two years. This was not in the official written contract but was a known promise.Many employees now feel dishonored. They have put in a lot of hard work which they expected would put them well on the road to promotion. These few points are all examples of the psychological contract. In this case it is very weak; this is also a good reason as to why the employees are not motivated. I think this problem could be solved and have produced a few ideas which could help both short term and long term. ; Condiment opportunities The company could offer its employees short term condiment opportunities in a higher position when the man power is stretched and in need of a temporary boost.Even though it is not permanent it may help increase motivation i n the short term. In the case on Broom's theory the promotion they have been working towards will have been made available (if only temporarily) which will increase motivation ; Working in there departments – increase company knowledge There may be a chance to look at letting employees work in different departments short term especially during low season when man power levels needed are not as high. This will benefit both the company and the employee.The business will benefit from the extra knowledge and skills the employee will learn which they will be able to bring back to their original role. The employee will enjoy doing something new and being more challenged therefore increasing motivation. ; Opportunities to work up On certain shifts the manager on duty could delegate his duties to a more Junior employee. This gives the employee the opportunity to learn on the Job whilst being supervised by the manager. This could provide a challenge and more stimulating day at work. B etter the relationship between managers and employees Reduce the barriers between general management and the workforce, I. E. Improving and encouraging more fluid communication between each party. This will enable the management to see how dedicated and committed their staff actually are and allow them to have a more personal idea of who their employees are. This would be a start n changing the managers from Theory X to Theory Y managers when looking at Douglas McGregor theory.

Virginia Woolf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virginia Woolf - Essay Example The Hours are novels that represent life as it truly is rather than the way that society demands it should be and this is a theme that will be discussed in this paper. Mrs. Dalloway is a story that has as its main focus life in Britain during the interwar period and it attempts to deal with issues that individuals in this society were not willing to talk especially in public. Among the issues that were taking place in this society, yet nobody was willing to address is the existence of homosexual and lesbian relationships. These were issues which were hardly ever addressed in the relatively conservative society of Britain during the first half of the twentieth century and it created a situation where such relationships were often looked down upon. The same situation occurs in The Hours where while there has been considerable progress since the time of Mrs Dalloway, where the so-called non-traditional relationships were hardly ever recognized, Cunningham addresses the new issues that have become a reality in the modern world, specifically HIV and AIDS. Cunningham uses Richard, a prominent writer who has just won an award and suffers from AIDS, to pe rsonify the manner through which individuals in the modern society have come to suffer from this disease. One would argue that it is through the characterization of Richard from Clarissa’s perspective that Cunningham comes to inform the reader of how while the modern world may have accepted homosexuality, it has yet to come to terms with AIDS. The myths and stigma that are attached to this condition seem to be the cause of the depression that Richard seems to be suffering as seen through his not being excited about the party that Clarissa is preparing for him for winning the award. When one compares Mrs Brown’s character in The Hours with that of Mrs Dalloway, one will find these characters to be very similar. One would argue that this is mainly because they both seem to be unsatisfied with the life that they are

US Criminal Justice System and Deal with Justice Essay

US Criminal Justice System and Deal with Justice - Essay Example From the theological, and namely Christian point of view, the origin of this problem backs to the beginning of the times, when the first people, Adam and Eve, controlled by the God, did not manage to resist the temptation of the Devil and ate the prohibited fruit. They were deprived of the supreme goods and were exiled from the paradise and went on mortal life on the Earth. This problem is explained by the fact that the thing causing this punishment was not the God’s being angry with them because they violated His prohibition, but the matter of the human choice – they did their choice consciously, and this was their responsibility. No one made them do so, though the devil influenced them, but it is logical that the person decides upon a certain choice on his or her own. Many people, particularly nowadays, consider that the world is unfair and the God does not just things when, for example, a child is born with heavy disease or a human being is killed by another human. à ¢â‚¬Å"The teaching on original sin says that this situation is the result of human choices, not God’s desire.† (Smith, Burr, 2007, 92). It is also necessary to mention that it is not our blame that we are born into the world which has laws, habitual ways of acting and institutions which are not flawless and provide not complete education and development to us, but we are responsible for the change of this state of affairs. This is possible when we realize that the God has granted us with the power to firstly change ourselves, and then – the surrounding world. (Smith, Burr, 2007, 93).

Global Performance of German and France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Performance of German and France - Essay Example It is hard to say whether the impact has been positive or negative because there is lot of gap and difference between the status in the middle and upper and lower middle and low classes of business. Globalization has widened this gap to the extent that they look un-breach able. Whichever way you look at this transformation it is obvious that globalization is an economical aspect. And it is good that it is; the onset of globalization has kick-started a movement of liberalization of independent thought process, which due to the heightened global interconnectivity may prove more successful than it ever was in any of the past socio-economic and cultural revolutions and in this respect these two countries, France and Germany, cannot be overlooked. (Dos, 441-442) Globalization is a big word today and one that has changed the way we look at and understand things around us. What is actually globalization? What do we understand by this word? Globalization is simply the predisposition of the economy through business, knowledge through technology and thought through philosophy to spread globally. Globalization can also mean the process by which this happens. This term is almost synonymous with intertwining of markets and economies without any consideration for physical border or legal restraints and it general it is well applicable for France and Germany. (Fletcher, 188)... The downside is that globalization seems to profit the rich more and the poor less, thus widening the gap further. It is true that globalization actually means the broadening of global linkages, while also impacting upon the social and cultural dimensions of the global society, hence propagating a one-world-citizenship which has one economy, one culture and one social order. Ecumenically globalization's definition would be complete with the above classifications. But there are many inroads in the understanding of the term. This is the process with which the poor countries can think of modernization and global competition, enhanced living standards, and work opportunities; on the other hand this very same process is the one which can destroy economies by sudden influx of foreign capital, can destroy marginalized workers livelihood and destabilize national banks. Hence, globalization literally is like a coin - with two very separate sides and much of it is realized in France and German y. However it should be mentioned that France is much well placed in terms of economy in this context when compared to Germany. At the same note it can be mentioned that the economic equilibrium in the international level is changing very quickly with the affects of financial flows and increasing trade. It is globalization that forces us to re evaluate the position of Europe along with major countries like France and Germany in the world market. This new wave of economy has given enough impetuous that positions held about three years ago are certainly to be changed. As it is these two countries are not doing in a very favourable mode in the international economic sector and domestically these two countries are witnessing rising inequalities with industrial instability as

The impact of our race and ethnicity on our identity Essay

The impact of our race and ethnicity on our identity - Essay Example As Peter Schuck and Rogers Smith argue, American citizenship has never been exclusively "consensual." There has always been an interpretive imbalance between John Locke's "individualistic liberalism," which has been the attributed conceptual cornerstone of the American Revolution, and the less-acknowledged influence of "Atlantic republicanism" that underlies that of an American empire. Zora Neale Hurston developed into an avid reader and an attentive listener, a fan of myth, legend, and local lore. In Eatonville, where everyone is some shade of black, Zora is no different from anyone else. The white people she meets in Eatonville differ from her only insofar as they do not live there. As Barbara Johnson points out, the Zora of Eatonville disappears in Jacksonville and becomes a colored girl. "The acquisition of color is a loss of identity," Johnson writes. Moreover, color seems not to be "fixed" but a "function of motion" from Eatonville to Jacksonville. Although Johnson is writing primarily about How It Feels to Be Colored Me, published in 1928, her comments are equally valid for Dust Tracks, since Hurston reuses, revising only slightly, many of the same passages from her earlier work. Hurston's sense of separation from her warm and safe familial life and her subsequent departure from Eatonville to Jacksonville begin a lifetime of wandering from and returning to her roots. Although Zora returns to Eatonville after her father's second marriage, she is never able to return to her mother's home; it has become simply a house. Zora's knock-down, drag-out fight with her stepmother, whom she never forgives for usurping her mother's place, emphasizes Hurston's displacement from her home and family. In one sense, however, her alienation precipitates her journey from Eatonville to Washington, D.C., and later to New York City to gain education and a better life. This journey echoes that of many Negroes who moved from the black belt of the South to the North. Hurston's journey repeats in a way the migration by slaves to gain life and freedom, followed by subsequent migrations made by Blacks to find work in northern factories and to improve life for themselves and their children. The plot development of Hurston's autobiography, then, owes much to a black tradition, going back to slave narratives and to early black autobiographies. The toll of substance use and abuse among black males, noted by social scientists since the earliest decades of this century, continues to waylay many men's struggle to effectively parent. Over a decade ago, Robert Staples explained that among black people, abuse of both drugs and alcohol are a product of an exploitative economy that offers minimum wages, little employment, and a lack of educational opportunities. Since then, the economy has become more distressing for working-class and poor black Americans, and these men's accounts seem to confirm Staples' analysis. For many black men, he argued, substance use and

Discussing the Improvement in Perfomance and Possitive Influences on Essay

Discussing the Improvement in Perfomance and Possitive Influences on Individuals in a Working Environment - Essay Example The report will also highlight various leading forces that may improve the performance of the individuals who are working as a team. The discussion of the letter subject will help us understand how Microsoft can apply those suggestions in its own professional environment, which is necessarily a team-based. -------------------------------------------------- Introduction: The quality of work in a business environment is becoming the foremost concern in industries all over the world, which was not true until 1959 (Herzberg 1995). Considering the motivation of work, top priority is given to the worker satisfaction instead of achievement that is gained through the work qualitatively done. Improvement of worker satisfaction deals with the enhancement and development of human relations between the humans working together in an organization. Two main issues have been faced by the organizational management - in lieu of the aforementioned statements – that run side by side. While the in dustries are now struggling to resolve the unfathomable hygiene problems of evading the interpersonal dissatisfaction in working environment; they have neglected the other essential concern of workers’ motivation for training and quality production, which leads to even more dire consequences in terms of job dissatisfaction and health issues. In regard to these two important issues, Frederick Herzberg proposed a theory known as Two-Factor Theory or Motivation-Hygiene Theory, in 1995 that will logically respond to the above two problems collectively to provide a harmonic and synchronized solution that will keep the interpersonal relation at its best as well as provide the organizations qualitative work, and will ensure the employees to stay health and keep job satisfaction for a longer period of time. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory: According to this theory, people in a working environment are influenced through two factors, i.e. motivation factors, e.g. satisfaction and p sychological growth, and hygiene factors, e.g. dissatisfaction. The theory was established based on the investigations done by Herzberg on 200 engineers and accountants in the USA. Hygiene factors ensure the avoidance of the employees being dissatisfied with the job and working environment. These factors do not relate to the motivational aims but still without them the dissatisfaction is not avoided. Some of the most common yet essential and avoidable hygiene factors are as follows: working conditions, status, salary, quality of supervision, job security, company profile, interpersonal relations, and company’s administrative policies. Motivation factors on the other hand relate to the motivation of employees to make their performance better and let them achieve higher aims. Internal generators within employees are the actual cause of these factors. Some of the typical motivation factors are as follows: achievement, growth, recognition for achievement, interest in job, task re sponsibility, and recognition for the achievement. The combination of both the leading factors of theory leads to four underlying scenarios which differ from each other in terms of achieving the objects a business management official is seeking among his employees. The four scenarios will now be discussed under each of the two sections given below. One of the next two sections will strictly speak of the positive influences on the motivational enhancement of employees of Microsoft.

Reasons why Immigrants Fail to Learn English Essay

Reasons why Immigrants Fail to Learn English - Essay Example Some take shorter time to understand than others, while others really have a hard time even grasping basic terminologies. From the onset, it is the teacher who initiates all communication and this can be a very frustrating experience. Obviously, at the start not all the students have equal mastery over the English language. Some will take a bit longer to grasp the introductory advances. To this effect, new teachers are usually barely well – equipped to handle multi – cultural students at once. No matter how many languages the teachers know and speak, there is always the chance that some student will come in whose language the teacher has not grasped. Furthermore, most teachers invest in learning mainstream foreign languages only e.g. French, German and Spanish. So when a Hindu speaking student joins the class for example, the teacher has to reanalyze his / her initial approach to teaching. Even after the basic salutations and pleasantries have been mastered by the stude nts, the accent issue still dominates the learning environment. In some instances the teacher has to repeat the words severally before the students can grasp the pronunciation. Another problem that teachers encounter is dealing with the students’ varying motivation during the lessons. Naturally, the students will have enrolled due to different ambitions. While some undergo the lessons as a compulsory requirement, others enroll just for the sake of familiarizing themselves with a foreign language (in this case, English). In such a scenario, not all students will have the same level of motivation as the lesson proceeds. Shifting focus to the immigrants, most of them portray some reluctance to apply themselves to the learning process when they encounter the initial difficulty in familiarizing with the English language. One would notice some subtle resistance to learning the language. Then again there is the erosion of English in the United States. Dominance of slang confuses the foreign students. In the classroom, the students are taught one thing. When they step out into the street, they hear something entirely different. At some point the students will be bound to get disillusioned. With the language itself, English has very many idioms and other figurative styles of language. Expecting the students to apply and relate to such linguistic features when they are barely grasping the basic language is an uphill task. English literature has a heavy influence in the curriculum and therefore students are expected to familiarize themselves with hundreds of classic literary pieces during learning. They end up complicating matters and students have a hard time registering what they are taught. A student would find it hard to grasp the aspect of symbolism when he / she can barely distinguish between tenses. Rules of exception also act as obstacles to the learning process too. Foreign students take time to establish syntax, sentence structure and word order. Regiona l dialects in the United States also heavily affect the student’s mastery of the language. For instance, a student living in a Latino neighborhood will be affected by the dialect spoken in that area. Some immigrant students have a phobia for resident students because they feel inferior when their English is not as polished as their hosts. Chapter 2 Immigrants

Belief, Doubt and Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Belief, Doubt and Synthesis - Essay Example A good writer knows how long to illustrate a scene. For instance, when reading a novel, a reader should be stabbed by suspense on every page as he waits for the characters and the story to unfold, but does not rush because he knows each sentence is a journey and he never wish to miss a single word. Moreover, this reader can answer all questions and have an opinion concerning each character. A good writer for example, can develop characters that a reader can really hate, such as Jane Austen. Good writings like novels one wants to read repeatedly, particularly the ones you read for the first time but go back to the first page as soon as you finish. When there is no rule of what someone speak or thinks, writing becomes perfect and easy. When an individual talks freely, he is likely to put his speech in writing, and this pushes him to practice regularly. Consequently, he becomes a better writer than he was before since he sharpens his skills, he becomes more confident, and enjoys writing . Sometimes, when we talk to others, their ideas leave more thoughts on the choice of a subject to be written about. Writing entails use of language to bring out the ideas. We read the responses of others and understand what they mean with language, and always, we â€Å"speak† to ourselves internally when processing these ideas and come up with logical conclusions. I believe that rational thinking inevitably involves definite degree of language use, meaning that thought is absolutely determined by language. According to Fisher 99, in writing our affirmations and what we think is right, and put all our attention on paper, we probably notice some form of internal resistance pop ping up. When u write what you tell yourself on deep levels, you encourage your react to what people think is right or wrong. With time, you read what is written and this helps you to create your present reality. It is necessary that we write our affirmations to find a solution and release it from your consciousness. This gives you freedom and power to feel literally wonderful instead of limiting yourself to other peop le’s myths and thoughts. Writing also helps us remember some things in cases where we have a lot going through our minds. Doubt Doubt is often created by the lack of any sort of complete reality, which could serve as an undeniable stating point on which knowledge could be developed. It is a status between believing and not believing in something, involving a motive, an action, or a decision made by an individual. By systematically doubting something, we know about ourselves and those around us. Today, I got a feedback that tested if I trust my senses. At about noon, my friend and I were shopping at a nearby local mall. We had not had breakfast and so we opted to look for a place to have lunch. Walking down the mall into one of the supermarket, I noticed at a distance a very pleasant display of some Japanese meals on sale. My mouth began watering instantly since I was quite hungry. We agreed on eating at the mall, though it was a bit crowded (McGrath 43). My friend suggested t hat the